Which theorist is most closely associated with the idea that parents should allow independence while maintaining parental attention?

• A. Jung
• B. Adler
• C. Horney
• D. Erikson

Answer: (B)

The idea being tested is a parenting style that balances granting a child independence with ongoing warmth and guidance. Alfred Adler is most closely linked to this approach. Adler argued that children thrive when they are encouraged to take initiative and become independent, but within a supportive, attentive family environment. He warned against both overindulgence and harsh control, suggesting that parents should guide and nurture their child, fostering a sense of belonging and social interest. This combination—allowing the child to explore and grow autonomy while maintaining consistent care and encouragement—is why Adler fits best.

Jung focuses on individuation and the development of the self through archetypes and the collective unconscious, not a specific parenting method. Horney centers on coping with basic anxiety and interpersonal dynamics, rather than a structured parenting approach. Erikson does emphasize autonomy in early development, but Adler’s emphasis on balancing independence with continuous encouragement and social connectedness aligns most directly with the idea described.